Northern Saw-whet Owl

Northern Saw-whet Owls are very common in Manitoba in the breeding season but birders do not usually see a lot of them in migration, unless, that is, you visit a banding station like Delta, where large numbers of migrating Saw-whets are banded every year. So, when one showed up in a friend’s yard, I made the trip across Winnipeg to snap some photos. Here are two portraits of this owl as they are waking up at dusk, having moved from the denser branches where they roosted out onto a more open perch.

Once on the open perch, with a bit more space, the owl began stretching their wings before taking off. This is a typical action that I have seen many species of owls, large and small do - stretching the wing downward at full extension while tensing the body and pushing upward... a good pre-flight work out for the flight muscles!

White-winged Dove in Manitoba

I will return to posting about Peru as soon as possible but can’t resist adding a couple of quick posts first. A White-winged Dove showed up in Great Falls, Manitoba on 10th November. This is an extreme rarity this far north and represents, more or less, the fifth record for this province (including a couple of unconfirmed reports). Thanks to the remarkable generosity of Heather and Paul Softley, many people got to see this subtly beautiful bird. Here are a few souvenirs…

Parrots of The World

I was very interested in getting a chance to review the new Princeton Field Guide “Parrots of the World” by Joseph Forshaw because I found the concept of taking a large-format comprehensive identification guide on one cosmopolitan family of birds and turning it into a field guide format intriguing. Part of the mystique of the large-format is the ability to cram in life-history and ecological information that serves as a convenient reference. The field guide format on the other hand is forced to use abbreviated text and rely on the strength of the illustrations.

Fortunately for this book, Frank Knight’s illustrations are excellent and the subject matter lends an exceptional amount of colour. Of course, with only 356 species to illustrate this book could afford the luxury of well-spaced and artistically laid-out plates, which further add to the aesthetic appeal. Best of all, a genuine effort has been made to illustrate all the visually distinct subspecies; for example, 13 subspecies of Rainbow Lorikeet are illustrated over 3 plates! So, with a total of 146 high quality color plates, this book is indeed a visual delight.

I had wondered how useful this book would be as a field guide since, let’s face it, not many birders are likely to carry it into the field! One useful feature is the organization principle based on biogeographical realms — Australasian, Afro-Asian, and Neotropical — which makes it useful as a “post-field” reference guide, i.e. to confirm identifications of species, subspecies, sex or age based on one’s field notes or photographs. After perusing this book and reflecting on its purpose (identification primarily) and presumed target audience, I was surprised to conclude that it works well an identification guide, rather than a comprehensive natural history guide. This is due to the lay out and the considerable detail provided in the illustrations (including perched and the all important flight illustrations showing both dorsal and ventral views), along with a concise text that focuses on field identification and discusses similar species. In addition, the full-colour maps, which illustrate the ranges to the subspecific level (excellent information to have at one’s finger tips), greatly increase the utility of this book.

There were a few aspects that I did not like about this book; for example, I find the nomenclature rather arbitrary and Forshaw’s explanation of the naming principle employed unconvincing. I would have greatly preferred a standard global nomenclature were adopted in its entirety (e.g. IOC or Clements) and alternative names also given. In general, I prefer it when an artists makes an attempt to illustrate the habitat of a species in some way, although this can be tricky and if done poorly can negatively influence the utility of the drawings for identification (if done well it enhances this!). Most of the plates in this book are birds on a tiny slither of a perch against a white background. This works well for the book’s purpose but I prefer the few plates, like some of the Pygmy Parrot plates, that show a little more “interaction” with plants (looks less “bleached”)! The paired flight illustrations that show a dorsal view with one wing outstretched left and a ventral view with one wing outstretched right look terribly unnatural, but it should be noted that they are a practical way to illustrate a lot of information while greatly reducing the space required and it would be hard to show this much detail any other way. My biggest objection is that some of the illustrations are drawn as though the bird were a museum study skin, i.e. ventral and dorsal view with wings folded and legs “suspended” as though the bird was dead and lying on a table… to me, whenever this style was used, it strongly detracted from my enjoyment of the plates and I really see no reason for it at all – perched views from front and back would show exactly the same detail!

Although the text is minimal, as necessary to reduce the book to field guide size, I was glad to see a few other points added to the text such as each species’ status (conveniently and cleverly in red) and a few locations provided where one might see each species, which increase the book’s usefulness. Overall, I consider this book to be a very useful addition to my library and I am sure I will find occasion to use it when struggling with an ID of a colourful family of birds that can sometimes pose surprising identification challenges, for example with flight views only.

An example of one of the plates is shown below, where you can see the features discussed above (click on image for larger view)…

Owls of Peru – Part 3: Humid forests

Photographing owls in the humid forest is of course much more difficult than in dry forests due the tall and dense vegetation, frequent rain and humidity in the air, and near complete canopy closure that makes it extremely dark and so much harder to see movement and silhouettes. Even though I saw more species of owls in the humid forests, I have fewer species to offer in this post.

One of the highlights of this trip was getting superb and repeat views of Cinnamon Screech-Owl at La Esperanza (as I mentioned in the previous post about Long-whiskered Owlet). The Cinnamon Screech-Owl is a rare and patchily distributed species that seems to be associated with outlying ridges more than with the eastern slope of the main Andean cordillera (unlike their counterpart the Rufescent Screech-Owl). Our first view of this species was the female photographed below (we thought for a second we had found the owlet) but despite being so difficult to see elsewhere, we had multiple sightings at La Esperanza – remarkable! In the next two photos see if you can see the differences between the female (first) and male (second)?

… the male has a deeper colouring overall and darker feathering of the facial disk and perhaps darker streaking as well (and a different voice). Can’t resist sharing a few more photos of this stunningly beautiful, little owl showing the underpart and upperpart colouration (look at the magnificent tail pattern and the barring in the flight feathers too!)…

At a similar elevation to Cinnamon Screech-Owl (slightly lower overall) one can find the much larger Band-bellied Owl. Actually, Band-bellied seems to co-occur with Rufescent Screech-Owl in many areas. I managed to see Band-bellied Owl twice on this trip, once near Moyobamba and again on the Manu Road, but in the tall cloud forest it proved extremely difficult to get photos of this beauty. The photo below was the best I managed. The four species in the genus Pulsatrix (Spectacled, Band-bellied, Short-browed, and Tawny-browed) are all very similar and all sport dark upperparts and breast contrasting with a pale belly and with prominent white or buff face markings that frame the face in “spectacles” of sorts…

The Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl occurs across a wide range of elevation in South America and, at least in my limited experience, seems much more nocturnal in habits than the bird that most North Americans call Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (many now consider the Central and North American taxon to be a separate species called Ridgway’s Pygmy-Owl, although the AOU has not split them yet). These photos were taken in Moyobamba at the same elevation as the Band-bellied Owl. This bird had an interestesting habit of appearing more rufous from certain angles and more brown from other angles...

If you descend the eastern slope of the Andes towards the Amazon basin, you come into the range of the Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl complex. Some authors in fact, now split this species into two: Northern Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl (north of the Amazon) and Southern Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl (south of the Amazon). I was fortunate to get some great looks at Southern Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl on the lower section of the Manu Road near Atalaya. You can see how this species got their name.


I was particularly fortunate to watch this owl consume a cricket (though the views were a bit vertical). Just as I have watched Eastern Screech-Owls do, they seemed to remove certain hard parts first, for example the legs...

That ends this post on the owls of Peru. You can view larger files of these photos at: http://artusophotos.com/3_Nightbirds/index.htm (and other nightbirds of course!).