Sunday, February 8, 2009

Cameroon - Sahel

As we move further north green turns slowly to yellow and the vegetation gets sparser and sparser. The creatures with feathers are no less colourful though.

In the first photo, you'll see one of the common raptors (the Africa savanna seems to be overflowing with raptors), a Grasshopper Buzzard, perched in an isolated shade tree and an almost treeless hill in the background – we really are a long way from the rainforest now!


Another common raptor is the Dark Chanting Goshawk – such a striking bird and the red bark of the acacia it is perched in is pretty dramatic too.



The Clapperton's Francolin is probably the easiest francolin (a genus of partridges) to see that i have ever encountered – often out in the open and in trees like this one.


The guineafowl are a well-known endemic African family, most of which have spotted plumage like this Helmeted Guineafowl.


The next photo is of the stunning Abyssinian Roller – a stunningly and dramatic bird though the shadow here hides the true intensity of the brilliant blue plumage. Rollers are a magnificent family of mostly open-country insect eating birds and most are some shade of blue or purple.


Next is one the many species of glossy starlings of Africa, the Chestnut-bellied Starling. African starlings can be magnificently coloured with strong iridescence – a tropical version of the starlings we are all used too (as Lew once said upon returning from Africa – we got the wrong starling!).


The Wood-hoopoes are — you guessed it — another endemic African family (surprise surprise!). They are dark-plumaged birds mostly of light woodland but they too have wonderfully iridescent plumage that glows in the right light. The Green Wood-hoopoe sometimes looks green, sometimes purple (a bit like my car) but always breathtaking!


Speaking of breathtaking, how about this Northern Carmine Bee-eater. I mentioned that bee-eaters are colourful and but the word colourful doesn't do these birds justice!


The lovely couple in the next photo are Namaqua Doves, one of the many species of African Doves, this species being smaller than most.


The bishops are a group of weavers with either bright red and black or bright yellow and black plumage. The Northern Red Bishop has been introduced in California and is better known to North American birders as Orange Bishop, though i think that most would agree that this bird is just NOT orange!


The Red-billed Quelea is also a weaver, and also quite colourful, although highly variable. The fly around the savanna is ENORMOUS flocks that can blacken the sky and some have argued that they are the most numerous bird species on earth.


The beautiful Spur-winged Lapwing is one of those really classy semi-desert shorebirds


Last but not least, why not a photo of a mammal: the Kongoni (perhaps better known as the Hartebeest and definitely g-not a gnu) walking through yellow grass.



Many of these photos can be seen in larger formats at: http://artusophotos.com/

Cameroon - woodlands

This next email has us moving north away from the lush, wet coastal belt towards the interior of the country and gradually inching towards the Sahara. The forest is not as dense, nor as tall as the rainforest but becomes a mosaic or lighter woodland interspersed with some grassy or open areas with tall layered forest around permanent water, which is often referred to as gallery forest. Most of these photos are in gallery forest. A particularly interesting belt of such woodland is created by the Adamawa Plateau (Mabillia Plateau on the Nigerian side), whose slightly higher elevation produces a different temperature and moisture regime than the lowlands.

The first photo is of a male African Golden Oriole in gallery forest above a creek. Old World Orioles are not at all related to New World Orioles but closer to the crow family (Sibley and Munroe place them right within the crow family).


The next is the stunning Malachite Kingfisher, one of the many beautiful African Kingfishers. At only 14cm in length this is one of those really tiny kingfishers.


Next is a roosting African Scops Owl. I found this bird and their partner roosting in a thicket near a creek where we had seen and heard them the night before.


The Black-billed Wood Dove is one of those soft and subtly beautiful forest doves.


The barbets are related to woodpeckers but have evolved for a frugivorous diet. Unlike the Asian barbets, which are mostly green, there is quiet a variety of colours in the African barbets like this red Double-toothed Barbet (the "teeth" are useful for gripping fruit).


Next, a female Green-headed Sunbird shows that these birds do not rely solely on nectar by stealing an insect from a spider's web.



This Pearl-spotted Owlet (one of the Glaucidium "pygmy owl" group) being mobbed by a Senegal Erememola, a type of Old World Warbler, and others.



This is a Red-throated Bee-eater. The bee-eaters are just a stunningly colourful group and they often perch up showing off their colours because they like to sally out to flycatch with acrobatic style from exposed perches.


If you are not convinced that birds evolved from dinosaurs, look no further than the Ross's Turaco… ha ha… but what colour, what a face! (pity the rich purple gloss is hidden by shadow here).


This female Senegal Batis is another handsome bird of gallery forest (related to wattle-eyes and one of those groups where the females are sometimes easier to identify than the males).


The bizarre helmet-shrikes are yet another unique African family. They are characterised by bold plumage patterns, prominent eye wattles, subtly hooked bills (look close!) and the brush-like forecrown feathers that give them their name. They move through the woodland in social groups, chattering away to each other and sometimes snapping their bills. The White Helmet-Shrikes shown here were always a treat to watch and i was elated to see them!


Here is a White-crowned Robin-chat showing off a classic tail fan. The robin-chats are mostly colourful but shy forest birds so i was very happy to get this shot.


Many of these photos can be seen in larger formats in my webpage http://artusophotos.com/

Cameroon - highlands

These are mostly highland birds from the southwest corner of the country although some were taken on the lower slopes of the unique Mount Cameroon, Mount Kupé and the Bamenda highlands area (with a large contingent of endangered endemics).

The Black-crowned Waxbill is one of the many exquisite estrildine finches that sparkle all over the west African countryside.


The plainer cisticolas are also ubiquitous but MUCH tougher to identify (in many cases voice is the only way). This is a Chubb's Cisticola.


The illadopsis are a group of secretive forest-floor dwelling babblers and i was extremely lucky to get this photo of a juvenile Grey-chested Illadopsis up close (this species is very tough to see).


The Mount Cameroon Speirops (speirops are an aberrant group of White-eyes) is found on only one mountain in the whole world… yes that's right, the entire global range is the mid-elevation range of Mount Cameroon. This extroadinary mountain its forests and grassland belt has produced several endemics. The background in this photo is a view of the coastal forests and the sea as viewed from half way up the mountain.


The Northern Double-collared Sunbird is one of many iridescent sunbird species – the ecological equivalent of hummingbirds although completely unrelated.


The mousebirds are a fascinating family, endemic to Africa, which often perch by hanging from a branch as though they were doing chin-ups and move around in large noisy flocks, as demonstrated by these Speckled Mousebirds. Although there are only a handful of species they are often placed in their own order.


The tinkerbirds are a stunning group of tiny barbets (you can think of barbets as fruit-eating woodpeckers) named for their repetitive, hollow, whistle-like calls. This is a Western Green Tinkerbird photographed on Mount Cameroon.


The Yellow-breasted Boubou is one of the more conspicuous members of yet another endemic African group, the bush-shrikes, many of which are brightly coloured but rather shy canopy dwellers (we saw the critically endangered, range restricted Mount Kupé Bushshrike in the rain but i didn't manage a photo)

Many of these photos can be seen in larger formats in my webpage http://artusophotos.com/

Cameroon - rainforest

In October 2007 I snuck away to Cameroon for a birding trip with my good ol' birding buddy Adam Walleyn. With 520 species of birds and many great mammals seen in a month it was an amazing trip. In fact, as this was my first time birding in Africa, not only were most of the species new but i saw a bunch of families that I had never seen before – very exciting! Cameroon is an awesome country, quite safe to travel in, though not exactly comfortable (and you have to be a little careful to bargain for the right price). The southern portion of the country holds decent tracts of magnificent West African lowland rainforest and along the western border with Nigeria lie a series of endemic-bearing mountains and plateaus including the famous Mt Cameroon and the Adamawa Plateau. As you travel north things get drier and transition to more open woodland with superb gallery forest around water. This eventually transitions into the true Sahel region – a band of acacia and savanna scrub lying south of the true Sahara. Much of the diversity we enjoyed was thanks to these enormously different life zones. It was definitely not the best time to travel to Cameroon (end of the wet season) but it did not stop us!

1. "The Dark Continent" - rainforest

This first set of images come mostly from the deep dark rainforest of the south (sites like Korup National Park). The first image is of the magical "Rockfowl" or "Picathartes", which is a family containing only 2 species, both endemic to West Africa. This family is characterized by a patch of colorful bare skin on the head. These birds are secretive denizens of the forest floor and difficult to see (unless you know a nest site). They rely on caves and overhanging rocks to use as nest sites (they plaster a mud cup onto the wall) and use their powerful long legs to climb vines and hop across the rocks. They are also one of those great African mysteries in that their order is "incertae sedis", i.e. no-one knows who they are related to. I was very lucky to get this close to these amazing birds. This is the Red-headed Picathartes.


Also in the dark understorey of the forest was this Yellow-bellied Wattle-eye, another unique African group/family with their peculiar eye-wattles. These first 2 photos give you sense of the deep dark forest!


Moving higher up into the middle layer of the forest, here is my attempt at an artistic shot (i.e. blurred) of a displaying Rufous-sided Broadbill.


Another endemic African family is the Turacos – simply gorgeous birds that derive their color from a unique pigment (turacoverdin) found nowhere else in nature as far as we know. Their colours are spectacular but they can blend in to the canopy foliage like you wouldn't believe – the first shot is of the lowland species Green Turaco


followed by their montane cousin the Yellow-billed Turaco.


Out in the open on bare branches is the huge White-thighed Hornbill (hearing their wings overhead made me reminisce of the South East Asian forests)


while out by the river is the strange Hamerkop (monotypic family)


and the classy Rock Pratincole.


Sitting on a wire near the village is one of the many beautiful kingfishers of the region – Woodland Kingfisher.

Many of these photos can be seen in larger formats in my webpage http://artusophotos.com/
 
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